Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends —and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
1、21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help ________.
A foster a child’s moral development
B regulate a child’s basic emotions
C improve a child’s intellectual ability
D intensity a child’s positive feelings
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中Researchers，guilt和a good thing可定位至文章第一段最后一句。定位句中的This指上一句的Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences.（孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”，而是随着时间的推移而学习到的，这些话可以安慰父母和朋友，以及自己的良心。）such statements指“say sorry”或“guilt”。由此可知，内疚可能有助于培养孩子的道德发展，故选择A项。
错项排除：文章提及basic emotions（基本情绪），但未提及对基本情绪的管理，因此排除B项。C项和D项在文章中未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。
2、22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be ________.
A inexcusable
B deceptive
C addictive
D burdensome
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Paragraph 2和people still consider guilt to be可定位至文章第二段第二句。根据定位句It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.（内疚令人非常不安，这种感觉就像是穿着像石头一样重的夹克一样），可知人们认为内疚是非常沉重的，作者用石头的重量比喻给人带来的心理负担，因此选择D项。
错项排除：根据上述分析可知，人们把内疚看作是沉重的负担，并非是不可宽恕的、欺骗的或使人上瘾的，因此排除A、B和C项。
3、23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that ________.
A emotions are context-independent
B an emotion can play opposing roles
C emotions are socially constructive
D emotional stability can benefit health
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Vaish可定位至文章第二段。根据文章第二段第四句中…adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.可知，这一复兴是更广泛认识的一部分，即感情不是二元的——在一种情景下有利的情感，可能在另一种情景下是有害的。B项是对原文第二段第四句后半句的同义转述，故B项正确。
错项排除：文章第二段中提及一种情景下有利的情感可能在另一种情景下是有害的，A项表述与此相悖，故排除。C、D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
长难句分析：…adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.
adding后引导宾语从句，该从句中的recognition后面又引导同位语从句，破折号后面对emotions aren’t binary进行说明，feelings后面又进一步引导主语从句。
句意为：……补充道，这一复兴是更广泛认识的一部分，即感情不是二元的——在一种情景下有利的情感可能在另一种情景下是有害的。
4、24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing________.
A may help correct emotional deficiencies
B can result from either sympathy or guilt
C can bring about emotional satisfaction
D may be the outcome of impulsive acts
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Malti和cooperation and sharing可定位至第四段第三句。定位句中Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing指出，马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。由此可知，B项正确。
错项排除：文章第四段第二句指出…guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency，内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷，A项与此不符，故排除。C项在文章中未提及，故排除。文章第四段第三句提及…which can rein in their nastier impulses，这可以控制他们更恶意的冲动，D项因果倒置，故排除。
5、25. The word “transgressions” (Line 3, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ________.
A teachings
B discussions
C restrictions
D wrongdoings
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至文章第五段第二句。“transgressions”的前面出现feel negative emotions，情感属于消极贬义。对比四个选项，D项意为“坏事，不道德的事”，为正确选项。
错项排除：A项teachings（教导），属于褒义词，B项discussions（讨论），属于中性词，C项restrictions（限制；约束），属于中性词，故其余三项均可排除。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions, That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
6、26. By saying “one of the harder challenges”, the author implies that ________.
A global climate change may get out of control
B people may misunderstand global warming
C extreme weather conditions may arise
D forests may become a potential threat
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“one of the harder challenges”可定位至文章第一段。第一段首句指出，在人类对抗气候变化中，森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战。第二句指出人类正在威胁到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。第三句指出气候变化有一天会使森林排放的二氧化碳超过它们吸收的量。由此可知，“一个更艰巨的挑战”是指森林可能成为潜在的威胁，因此选择D项。
错项排除：A、B、C三项在文章中未提及，故排除。
长难句分析：Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.
Even as在句子中引导让步状语从句，to soak up作宾语补足语，dioxide后的we produce为宾语从句，主句为we are threatening their ability to do so。
句意为：即便我们人类指望森林吸收我们产生的相当一大部分的二氧化碳，但我们也正威胁到森林的这种能力。
7、27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ________.
A preserve the diversity of species in them
B accelerate the growth of young trees
C strike a balance among different plants
D lower their present carbon- absorbing capacity
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的carbon sinks可定位至文章第二段。第二段首句中的there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance指出具体的解决办法是达到一个微妙的平衡。第二句中的reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now（降低森林现在吸收碳的能力）是指前面提到的解决办法，由此可知，D项符合题意。
错项排除：文章未提及物种的多样性和幼树的生长，因此排除A项和B项。文章虽然提及需要达到一个微妙的平衡，但并不是不同植被间的平衡，因此排除C项。
8、28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ________.
A cultivate more drought-resistant trees
B reduce the density of some of its forests
C find more effective ways to kill insects
D restore its forests quickly after wildfires
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中Forest Carbon Plan可定位至第三段第一句。题干中的endeavors to对应第三段首句中的double efforts to。定位句中的thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest（使森林里部分小树变稀疏，清理部分灌木）与B中的“reduce the density of some of its forests”（降低森林的密度）一致。因此正确答案为B。
错项排除：文章未提及抗干旱的树木，故排除A项。文章第四段提及Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.（健康的树木也能更好地抵御昆虫），但并非森林碳计划致力于寻找更有效的方式杀虫，因此排除C项。文章第四段最后指出Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.（即使发生火灾，被烧毁的树木也会减少），D项与此相悖，故排除。
9、29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?
A To handle the areas in serious danger first.
B To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
D To obtain enough financial support.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干可定位至文章第五段。根据第五段最后so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought（将易发生火灾或干旱的地区列为重点地区至关重要）。A选项中的first对应原文中的prioritize，the areas in serious danger对应原文中的areas at greatest risk。因此正确答案为A项。
错项排除：文章第五段首句指出加州计划到2020年每年治理3.5万英亩森林，并未提及这是加利福尼亚计划最重要的事情，故排除B项。C项和D项在文章中未提及，故排除。
10、30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ________.
A ambiguous
B tolerant
C supportive
D cautious
答案解析：
答案精析：本题为观点态度题。根据文章最后一段最后一句California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.可知，加利福尼亚的计划将在明年由州长确定，它应该成为一个榜样。其中model含有积极的意义，因此答案选择C项。
错项排除：根据上述分析可知，作者对加利福尼亚州计划的态度是积极的，A、C和D项均无积极的含义，故排除。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single, They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.
Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
11、31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
B Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的the first two paragraphs可直接定位至文章前两段。首段直接表明美国农民几年来一直在抱怨劳动力短缺。如果不彻底改革农业移民法规，这些抱怨不太可能停止。随后第二段也提到美国国会一直在阻挠为农业工人创造更直接签证的努力，如果现有签证政策不做改变的话，将会给美国的企业、社区和消费者带来不利影响。由此可知，美国农业工人移民制度存在缺陷，应该被改变，故正确答案为C。
错项排除： A、B两项在原文中均未提及，故排除。原文开头指出了美国农民几年来一直在抱怨劳动力短缺，与美国农业就业机会的多少没有直接关系，故D项错误。
12、32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ________.
A the rising number of illegal immigrants
B the high mobility of crop workers
C the lack of experienced laborers
D the aging of immigrant farm workers
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的trouble，agricultural workforce可定位至原文第三段。该段第三至六句指出，这些非法移民的美国农场工人在变老，并且35岁以上人数的比例在扩大，收割庄稼对年龄大的人来说很困难。由此可知，美国农业劳动力的一个问题是农场工人的老龄化，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A、C两项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。B项中的high mobility与原文中的farm labors…are more likely to be settled rather than migrating意思相悖，故排除B项。
13、33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S farming?
A To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
C To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D To strengthen financial support for farmers.
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位至原文第三段最后一句，much-argued对应原文中的oft-debated，solution对应原文中的cure。该句冒号后的内容解释了这个备受争议的解决办法：美国本土工人不会回到农场。也就是说，这个方法的初衷是想让美国本土工人重返农场，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：文中只提到了现有的美国农场工人正在面临老龄化的问题，并没有说明要吸引年轻的劳动者到农场工作，故A项错误。C项中的high-value crops在原文第四段有提及，但原文说的是生产高价值的作物仍需要劳动力，并不是说使用更多的机器人种植高价值作物，故C项错误。D项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。
14、34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ________.
A slow granting procedures
B limit on duration of stay
C tightened requirements
D control of annual admissions
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的complain和H-2A visa定位至原文第六段。该段前三句指出，虽然H-2A签证没有数量限制，但雇主们仍会抱怨（complain）他们没有得到所需的全部员工。因为办理签证的过程既麻烦又昂贵，而且不可靠（cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable）。随后又进一步举例证明了发放签证过程的缓慢，由此可知，正确答案为A。
错项排除：原文中只提到了签证人数的限制，并没有说明限制了逗留期限，而且H-2B签证才有人数限制，H-2A签证并没有，故B项错误。C、D两项在原文中并未提及，故排除。
15、35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
B Import Food or Labor?
C America Saved by Mexico?
D Manpower vs. Automation?
答案解析：
答案精析：此道题目需要理解全文主旨进行作答。文章首段明确指出美国农民面临劳动力短缺的问题，而这一问题的根源是美国农业工人移民制度存在缺陷。第二、三段分析了移民签证和移民现状的冲突。第四段指出机械化并不能解决美国农场工人劳动力短缺的问题。第五、六段分析了现在农场工人所依赖的H-2A签证政策也不能有助于解决劳动力短缺，因为其发放过程太缓慢。第七段通过研究调查再次确定了劳动力短缺的问题。最后一段总结指出解决方案，美国要么进口食品，要么进口农场劳动力。B项中Labor为全文复现的主题词，故正确答案为B。
错项排除： A项中的Decline过分夸大了文章的主题，原文只是说美国农民面临劳动力短缺的问题，这并不能代表美国农业在衰退，故A项错误。原文中只是提到了如今美国的农业劳动者主要出生在墨西哥，并不代表墨西哥拯救了美国，故C项错误。D项中的Automation只是文章中的一个例子，并且全文并没有在比较人力和自动化，故D项错误。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority—or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
16、36. Some celebrities star in a new video to ________.
A demand new laws on the use of plastics
B urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的Some celebrities和new video可定位至原文第一段第三句。该句指出，在世界环境日的一段新视频中，明星们鼓励消费者们减少单一使用塑料制品，与塑料危机抗争。由此可知，视频的表演是为了敦促消费者减少使用塑料，故正确答案为B。
错项排除： A、C两项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。原文中说的是鼓励消费者减少塑料的使用以对抗塑料危机，并没有揭示塑料危机的原因，故D项错误。
17、37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may ________.
A mislead us into doing worthless things
B prevent us from making further efforts
C weaken our sense of accomplishment
D suppress our desire for success
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的moral licensing可定位至原文第三段最后一句。该句指出，这种“道德许可”会使我们只满足于“尽一份力”的需要，而不需要采取更大、更大胆、更有效的行动，同时也会减轻我们的担忧，阻止我们做更多的事，要求有更多的负责人。由此可知，“道德许可”可能会阻止我们做进一步的努力，故正确答案为B。
错项排除：A项中的worthless things、C项中的sense of accomplishment以及D项中的desire for success在原文中均没有提及，属于无中生有，故排除A、C、D三项。
18、38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens”, the author indicates that ________.
A our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B our relationship with local industries is improving
C we have been actively exercising our civil rights
D we should press our government to lead the combat
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的“citizens”可定位至原文第四段。该段指出，对于环境的新呼吁忽略了权力的平衡，这意味着作为“消费者”，我们必须可持续地购物，而不是作为“公民”去要求政府和工业推行真正的系统化的改变。作者在此处的言外之意是，我们应当要作为“公民”去要求政府做出改变以应对现在的情形。故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A、B两项在原文中并未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。原文的意思是我们应该去行使我们公民的权利，敦促政府做出改变，而C项说我们已经一直在积极行使我们公民的权利，和原文意思不符，故排除C项。
长难句分析：While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
本句的句子主干为…we’re ignoring the balance of power…，主谓宾结构。句首的While引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，从句的主干为…the conversation…remains centered on shopping bags and straws。句子中的第一个that引导定语从句，修饰balance of power；第二个that引导宾语从句，作implies的宾语。句子后半部分的rather than作为并列连词表示“而不是”，as “citizens”后面省略了we。hold…to account表示“使……承担责任”。
句意为：虽然有关环境和环境责任感的讨论仍然集中在购物袋和吸管上，但我们忽视了权力的平衡，这意味着作为“消费者”，我们必须可持续地购物，而不是作为“公民”要求我们的政府和行业负起责任，推动真正的系统性变革。
19、39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be ________.
A a win-win arrangement
B a self-driven mechanism
C a cost-effective approach
D a top-down process
答案解析：
答案精析：根据题干中的DeSombre和collective change可定位至原文第五段最后一句。该句指出，伊丽莎白·R·德松布尔教授在她的新书中提到集体改变大量人的行为的最佳方式是使其变成结构性的。随后第六段从政府和个人的角度，进一步阐述了这种结构改变，它强调的是不能光靠个体的努力，需要国家先制定政策，然后再靠群体的力量进行变革。由此可总结出，集体变革的最佳方式应该是一种自上而下的过程，故正确答案为D。
错项排除：A、B、C三项均不符合题意，故排除。
20、40. The author concludes that individual efforts ________.
A can be too aggressive
B can be too inconsistent
C are far from sufficient
D are far from rational
答案解析：
答案精析： 根据题干中的concludes和individual efforts可定位至原文最后一段。该段指出，作者认为个人努力并不应被抹杀，而是要把事情看得更清楚，我们没有时间再等了，我们需要能形成集体行为的进步政策，同时让参与其中的公民推动变革。由此可知，作者是在强调个人的努力还远远不够，还需要政策的进一步支持，故正确答案为C。
错项排除：A项强调个人努力过于激进，而原文是说个人的努力太小了，A项与原文意思相悖，故排除。B、D两项在原文中均未提及，故排除。
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