The terms “global warming” and “climate change” are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?

        Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.

        In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term “climate change” in an article published by Science. In 1979, a National Academy of Sciences report used the term “global warming” to define increases in the Earth’s average surface temperature, while “climate change” more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase, such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification (酸化).

        During the following decades, some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet’s climate.

        Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example, the language and polls expert Frank Luntz wrote a memo encouraging the use of “climate change” because the phrase sounded less scary than “global warming”, reported the Guardian.

        However, Luntzi’s recommendation wasn’t necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart shows that by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently, and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.

        NASA used the term “climate change” because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

        The debate isn’t new. A century ago, chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet’s climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that human weren’t producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.

解析：C。根据题干中的final conclusion和题文同序原则可定位至最后一段。该段最后一句表示，我们现在知道，无论使用哪个术语，人类行为正在使地球变暖，并将带来严重的后果。由此可知，作者最终的结论是人类活动对地球有严重影响。C项符合题意，其中的Human activities对应原文中的human behavior，serious effects是对原文中grave consequences的同义转述，故C项为正确答案。

错项排除：作者在文中并没有对比两种术语的准确性，A项利用原文倒数第二段首句的more accurately作干扰，但原文说的是NASA认为“气候变化”更准确，并非是作者的结论，故A项错误。原文中没有强调科学术语的准确性，也没有讨论政治对科学的干扰，排除B和D两项。