随着生活水平的提高,度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。过去,中国人的时间主要花在谋生上,很少有机会外出旅行。然而,近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。经济的繁荣和富裕中产阶级的出现,引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。中国人不仅在国内旅游,出国旅游也越来越普遍。2016年国庆节假日期间,旅游消费总计超过4000亿元。据世界贸易组织估计,2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国,在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家。
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答案:
【译文】
全文普通版:
With the improvement of living standard, holiday is becoming more and more important in Chinese people’s life. In the past, Chinese people mainly spent their time in making a living and they rarely have the chance to travel. However, China’s tourism industry has undergone a rapid growth in the last years. The prosperity of economy and the appearance of affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom. Chinese people not only take a trip domestically but also travel abroad more and more often as well. During the National Day holidays in 2016, the total spending on travel adds up to 400 billion yuan. According to the estimate of WTO, China will have become the world’s largest tourism country in 2020 and it will be the country with the fastest consumption increase in travelling abroad in the next few years.
全文高配版:
With the enhancement of living standard, holiday is playing a more and more important role in the life of Chinese people. Earning a living took most of Chinese people’s time in the past, giving them rare chance to go on a trip. However, China’s tourism industry has undergone a rapid growth in the last years. The prosperity of economy and the emergence of affluent middle class give rise to an unprecedented tourism boom. Not only does domestic travelling become common, but travelling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people. During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan. According to the statistical data of WTO, China will have become the world’s largest tourism country in 2020 and it will also witness the fastest growth in overseas travelling expenditure in the next few years.
解析:
【真题解析】
第一句:随着生活水平的提高,度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
普通版:主谓宾结构。句子主干是“度假重要”,“度假”可用名词“holiday”表示,符合英语多用名词的习惯,“重要”可译为“be (become) important”,“越来越”用“more and more”的表达,“随着……”用with结构表达,“生活水平”是“living standard”,由于句子表示一种逐渐改变的趋势,可用现在进行时强调“逐渐变化”的过程,那么整句话可译为:With the improvement of living standard, holiday is becoming more and more important in Chinese people’s life.
高配版:“提高”可用“enhancement”,“重要”还可用动词短语“play an important role in”翻译,那么整句话就译为:With the enhancement of living standard, holiday is playing a more and more important role in the life of Chinese people.
第二句:过去,中国人的时间主要花在谋生上,很少有机会外出旅行。
普通版:主谓宾、主谓双宾结构。句子主干是“时间花在谋生,中国人有机会旅行”,由于“时间”无法发出“花费”的动作,因此可把中文整理为“中国人花时间,中国人有机会旅行”,“某人花时间做某事”是“sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.”,“谋生”是“make a living”,“主要”在此处是副词,修饰“花”,即“mainly”,“有机会做某事”是“have the chance to do sth.”,“很少”是修饰“有”的,即副词“rarely”。由于句中给出“过去”的时间状语,那么整句话的时态使用一般过去时。因此整句话就译为:In the past, Chinese people mainly spent their time in making a living and they rarely have the chance to travel.
高配版:可将句子进行转换,将“谋生”作为句子主语,那么汉语就变成“谋生花费时间,中国人有机会旅行”。“谋生”可用“earn a living”表达,“花费”可用“it. takes sb. some time”的结构表达,并把其中的“it”用“earn a living”进行替代。因为句子不是祈使句,且表“(主动)谋生”,因此“谋生”不可使用动词原形,需变为非谓语的形式。在非谓语三种基本形式(doing、done、to do)中,“doing”表主动意,因此前半句的句子主干可译为:Earning a living took Chinese people’s time,后半句可用结果状语从句翻译,表达“谋生花费时间,(使得)中国人少有机会旅行”的意思,其中“外出旅行”还可译为“go on a trip”,因此整句话可译为:In the past, earning a living took most of Chinese people’s time, giving them rare chance to go on a trip.
第三句:然而,近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。
普通版:主谓结构。句子主干是“旅游业发展”,“旅游业”是“tourism industry”,“发展”是“develop”,“迅速”是副词,修饰“发展”,因此用rapidly。由于句子所给时间状语是“近年来”,表示从过去到现在的一段时间,即句子时态使用现在完成时,因此句子译为:However, China’s tourism industry has developed rapidly in recent years.
高配版:“发展迅速”还可用“undergo a rapid growth”表达,因此整句话可译为:However, China’s tourism industry has undergone a rapid growth in the last years.
第四句:经济的繁荣和富裕中产阶级的出现,引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。
普通版:主谓宾结构。句子主干是“繁荣和出现引发热潮”,“繁荣”是“prosperity”,“出现”是“appearance”,引发是“trigger”,“热潮”是“boom”,“经济的繁荣”是“prosperity of economy”,“富裕的中产阶级”是“affluent middle class”,“前所未有的”是“unprecedented”,因此整句话可译为:The prosperity of economy and the appearance of affluent middle class trigger an unprecedented tourism boom.
高配版:“出现”还可用“emergence”,“引发”还可用“give rise to”因此句子可译为The prosperity of economy and the emergence of affluent middle class give rise to an unprecedented tourism boom.
第五句:中国人不仅在国内旅游,出国旅游也越来越普遍。
普通版:主谓、结构。句子主干是“中国人旅游,旅游普遍”,“旅游”可用动词“travel”或动词短语“take a trip”,“普遍”可用副词“often”修饰动词“旅游”,“不仅……而且”用“not only...but also”表达,“在国内”译为副词“domestically”,“出国”译为副词“abroad”,因此句子可译为:Chinese people not only take a trip domestically but also travel abroad more and more often as well.
高配版:翻译时可将句子转化为“不仅国内旅游很普遍,(而且)国外旅游也越来越普遍”,连词“不仅……而且”是“not only … but (also)”,其中“also”可以省略或不紧跟在“but”后。句中“中国人”可译为“在中国人中”,作为范围状语补在句子结尾,“很普遍”可译为“become common”,“越来越普遍”可用“enjoy an increasing popularity”表达,且使用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。由于“not only”位于句首,属于否定词位于句首,需要部分倒装,即将助动词提前,句中become的助动词是does,那么整句话可译为:Not only does domestic traveling become common, but traveling abroad is also enjoying an increasing popularity among Chinese people.
第六句:2016年国庆节假日期间,旅游消费总计超过4000亿元。
普通版:主谓宾结构。句子主干是“消费超过4000亿”,“消费”可用动名词“spending”表示。“旅游消费”就是“spending on travel”,其中“总计”可用“total”表达,“超过”是“add up to”,“4000亿元”在英文中需用“billion”翻译,“billion”是“十亿”,那么“4000亿”就是“400 billion”。“在……期间”,介词使用“during”,同时需在年份前加上介词“in”。由于“国庆节”是“the National Day”,那么“国庆节假日”需译为“the National Day holidays”,因此整句话可译为:During the National Day holidays in 2016, the total spending on travel adds up to 400 billion yuan.
高配版:“旅游消费”是“tourism consumption”,“总计”还可用“amount to”表达,因此整句话译为:During the National Day holidays in 2016, tourism consumption amounts to more than 400 billion yuan.
第七句:据世界贸易组织估计,2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国,在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家。
普通版:主系表结构。句子主干是“中国成为国,(中国)成为国家”,其余对“国家”的修饰成分可用短语或“with结构”翻译。“据……估计”可用“according to the estimate of...”,“世界贸易组织”是“World Trade Organization”,翻译时可使用缩写“WTO”。“2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国”中,“世界上最大的旅游国”是“the world’s largest tourism country”,由于句中给出了时间状语,是“(到)2020年”,那么句子应使用“将来完成时态”,谓语动词变为“will have done”的形式。“在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”中,可用“with结构”对“国家”进行修饰,且“with”之后使用名词修饰,即“the country with the fastest consumption increase in travelling abroad”,“在未来几年里”作为时间状语加在句尾,因此整句话可译为:According to the estimate of WTO, China will have become the world’s largest tourism country in 2020 and it will be the country with the fastest consumption increase in travelling abroad in the next few years.
高配版:“据……估计”还可用“according to the statistical data of…”表达,“在未来几年里将成为出境旅游支出增长最快的国家”用“it”作主语,还可用“it sees sth.”的结构表达“见证……”的意思,其中“支出”是“expenditure”,因此整句话可译为:According to the statistical data of WTO, China will have become the world’s largest tourism country in 2020 and it will also see the fastest growth in overseas travelling expenditure in the next few years.
本文链接:随着生活水平的提高,度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。过去,中国人的时间主要花在谋生上,很少有机会
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